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Objective To compare and analyze the event related potential ( ERP ) and behavioral characteristics of sleep disordered breathing ( SDB ) and normal children by the persistent operating test ( CPT-AX) task,and to explore the characteristics and neural mechanism of the cognitive deficits in the left and right brain of school age SDB children. Methods SDB children( n=20) and normal children( n=20) aged 6-8 were selected. All subjects were tested by CPT-AX ( Go/Nogo task) . The ERP behavior of SDB and normal children was recorded,and the N2,P3 amplitude and latency of F3,Fz,F4 lead were compared. Re-sults ( 1) There was no significant difference between SDB group and normal group in behavioral correct number (36. 45±4. 69 vs 35. 00±3. 46),the reaction time ((516. 84±54. 14)ms vs (496. 94±78. 89)ms) and false alarm number( 1. 0 ( 0. 25,3. 75) vs 0. 5 ( 0. 00,3. 00) ) ( all P>0. 05) . ( 2) Comparison of F3,Fz and F4 lead:(1) SDB group:there was no significant difference in Go-N2 amplitude (-7. 75(-12. 03,-1. 09)μV vs (-8. 69±5. 72) μV vs ( -7. 12±4,68)μV) and Nogo-N2 amplitude((-10. 72±4. 49)μV vs (-12. 16±4. 60) μV vs (-11. 78±4. 44) μV) in the left,middle,and right of frontal regions. (2) Control group:there was no statistical difference between F3 and Fz ((-7. 26±3. 18)μV vs (-9. 09±3. 11)μV)(P>0. 05) in N2 amplitude and there was no statistical difference between F3 and F4((-7. 26±3. 18) μV vs (-6. 10±3. 36)μV) in N2 amplitude (P>0. 05). The N2 amplitude difference of Fz and F4 ((-9. 09± 3. 11) μV vs (-6. 10±3. 36)μV ) was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The Nogo-N2 amplitude differ-ence between F3 and Fz((-14. 05±3. 31) μV vs (-15. 50±3. 52) μV) was no statistically significant (P>0. 05) . The left frontal lobe Nogo-N2 amplitude was significantly higher than that of the right frontal lobe ((-14. 05±3. 31) μV vs-11. 75(-12. 68,-10. 43) μV) (P<0. 05),and the center of the frontal lobe No-go-N2 was significantly higher than that in the right frontal lobe((-15. 50±3. 52) μV vs -11. 75(-12. 68,-10. 43) ) ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05) . ( 3) There was no significant difference in N2 latency,P3 amplitude and latency between F3,Fz and F4 leads (P>0. 05). Conclusion Compared with normal children,SDB children showed no left dominant brain region while dealing with the same conflict monitoring tasks. It is suggested that left hemisphere activation is poor and function is incompatible. Left fron-tal lobe injury in SDB is more obvious than that in the right side.
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Objective To explore the functional properties of the brain's resting state networks in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.Methods Use the methods of functional MRI probabilistic tractography and graph theory to compare the global and local functional properties of the brain's resting state network between 12 cases of children with mild HIE and 14 cases of children with moderate/severe HIE.Results In terms of global topological properties,both the mild and moderate/severe group showed small-world properties.The γ and λ in the mild group were 2.450± 1.642 and 1.542±0.564 and in the moderate/severe group were 2.331± 1.554 and 1.353±0.672,respectively,which were in line with the characteristics of small-world properties (γ＞ 1 and λ ≈ 1).As far as local topological properties were concerned,the distribution of hub regions in the functional networks had smaller number of nodes in the moderate/severe group (8 nodes) than the mild group (14 nodes).The comparison of nodal efficiencies showed that the moderate/severe group had significantly reduced nodal efficiency in the left insula opercula,left supramarginal gyrus,left and right temporal pole and right middle temporal gyrus(the nodal efficiencies of the moderate/severe group:0.4089±0.0865,0.3377±0.1223,0.3842±0.0898,0.3508±0.1295,0.3564±0.0843;the nodal efficiencies of the mild group:0.4801±0.0762,0.4465±0.0898,0.4655 ±0.0812,0.4640±0.0690,0.4271±0.0636,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The topological structure of resting state functional network in children with moderate and severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is obviously backward than that in children with mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,which may be related to abnormal language,movement and cognitive function in the late stage.
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Objective To investigate the characteristics of cognitive development of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) degree centrality (DC) from the view of neuro-imaging.Methods Forty-five ADHD children were diagnosed at specialist clinic of Changzhou Children's Hospital,Nantong University from June 2015 to December 2016,and they were divided into 3 groups according to their ages (children aged 7-8 years old,9-10 years old and 11-12 years old,15 children in each group) and received the resting-state fMRI scans.DC value was used to analyze fMRI data.Comparative analysis was done pairwise between the three groups.Results Compared with 7-8 years old group,9-10 years old group showed lower DC value in cerebellum posterior lobe (t =-4.36) and higher DC in inferior parietal lobe (t =-5.86),and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05,after correction).Compared with 7-8 years old group,11-12 years old group showed lower DC value in cerebellum posterior lobe (t =-4.99) and higher DC in left superior temporal gyrus (t =5.18) and superior frontal gyrus (t =4.58),and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05,after correction).Compared with 9-10 years old group,11-12 years old group showed lower DC value in inferior parietal lobe (t =-5.71) and higher DC value in left superior temporal gyrus (t =5.05) and superior frontal gyrus (t =4.36),and all the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05,after correction).Conclusion Children with ADHD at different ages had different characteristics of brain regions of fMRI.It can offer objective evidence for early cognitive intervention of children with ADHD at different ages.
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Objective To explore the characteristics of functional connectivity based on cerebellum at resting state and the brain functions related to cognitive function on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods Thirty ADHD children (ADHD group) were diagnosed at ADHD Specialist Clinic of Changzhou Children's Hospital,Nantong University from June 2015 to July 2017,and 33 healthy children (healthy control group) were selected from a normal school in Changzhou.Then,they received the functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)scans.Finally,the differences of the characteristics of functional connectivity were compared between the 2 groups based on cerebellum which had been found with dysfunction on the previous study of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation.Results It all showed positive activated brain regions when comparing ADHD group and healthy control group based on left cerebellum (-49.5,-58.5,-18.5) as ADHD children's functional connectivity scores were higher in left middle frontal gyrus [volume =835 mm3,coordinate (-27,-21,51)],right middle frontal gyrus [volume =755 mm3,coordinate(45,-3,6)],right superior temporal gyrus [volume =256 mm3,coordinate (45,-24,-6)],left limbic lobe[volume =513 mm3,coordinate (-15,-3,-18)],and there were statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (t =4.10,4.38,3.97,3.32,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There exist abnormal functional connectivity between cerebellum and left middle frontal gyrus,right middle frontal gyrus,right superior temporal gyrus and left limbic lobe.It may be one of the brain mechanisms of the main clinical manifestations of the decreasing of attention,hyperactivity and impulsiveness and the dysfunction of cognitive function.